What should infants born to hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers receive within 12 hours of birth?

Infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface-antigen (HBsAg)-positive are at high risk for acquiring hepatitis B virus infection. To prevent this, it is crucial that these infants receive a specific prophylactic treatment promptly after birth. The correct procedure is for the infant to receive a dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) within 12 hours of delivery. This treatment provides immediate passive immunity against hepatitis B infection.

Administering HBIG concurrently with the hepatitis B vaccine at different injection sites enhances the protective effect these interventions have against the virus. This combination treatment is essential in reducing the likelihood of transmission from the mother to the infant. Additionally, the hepatitis B vaccine is part of a series where the first dose is given shortly after birth, with subsequent doses following according to the immunization schedule.

The other options do not align with the recommended guidelines for preventing hepatitis B transmission in this context. For example, delaying HBIG administration or giving it after two weeks does not provide the timely protection necessary for vulnerable infants.