What is the expected outcome of tactile stimulation of a newborn immediately after birth?

The expected outcome of tactile stimulation of a newborn immediately after birth is the stimulation of the respiratory drive. When a newborn is born, they transition from a fluid-filled environment to air, and tactile stimulation—such as gentle rubbing or drying—encourages the initiation of breathing. This kind of physical contact activates the baby's sensory pathways, prompting the respiratory center in the brain to respond and stimulate the first breaths.

Tactile stimuli can help to enhance the respiratory effort by drawing attention to the need for oxygenation. As the newborn begins to cry and take breaths, their lungs expand, allowing for adequate gas exchange. This process is critical in the first moments after birth to ensure that the infant can effectively meet their oxygen needs outside the womb, establishing the foundation for stable breathing patterns.

The other outcomes mentioned, such as a rise in blood pressure, decreased heart rate variability, and improved blood glucose levels, are not primarily the direct effects of tactile stimulation right after birth. While they may relate to the overall well-being of the newborn, the immediate and most crucial response to tactile stimulation is the activation of the respiratory drive.