What complications are often associated with uncontrolled abnormal glucose levels during pregnancy?

Uncontrolled abnormal glucose levels during pregnancy, particularly in cases of gestational diabetes or pre-existing diabetes, can lead to several significant complications. These complications include hypertension, macrosomia, and polyhydramnios.

Hypertension is a common concern for women with high blood sugar levels, as insulin resistance and changes in blood vessel function due to excess glucose can contribute to elevated blood pressure.

Macrosomia, or having a larger-than-average baby, occurs because high glucose levels lead to increased fetal insulin production. This can result in excessive fetal growth, which poses risks for delivery complications such as shoulder dystocia and may require cesarean delivery.

Polyhydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid, is another complication associated with high glucose levels. The presence of high glucose can lead to increased fetal urination, which contributes to an overabundance of amniotic fluid.

Understanding these associations helps healthcare providers monitor pregnant women with abnormal glucose levels more effectively, taking proactive measures to mitigate risks for both the mother and the baby.