Prolonging pregnancy beyond 38 weeks in women with gestational diabetes may result in which fetal condition?

Prolonging pregnancy beyond 38 weeks in women with gestational diabetes can result in macrosomia, which is characterized by an increased fetal size. This condition occurs due to the high levels of glucose in the maternal blood, which crosses the placenta and stimulates fetal insulin production. Elevated insulin levels in the fetus promote growth and fat deposition, leading to larger sizes at birth.

In the context of gestational diabetes, longer pregnancies can exacerbate this issue, as the prolonged exposure to elevated glucose levels further contributes to excessive fetal growth. Macrosomia is significant because it can lead to complications during delivery, such as birth injuries or the need for cesarean delivery. Monitoring and managing blood sugar levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes is crucial to minimize these risks and promote healthier outcomes for both the mother and the baby.