At which gestational age does maternal cardiac output peak?

Maternal cardiac output is crucial during pregnancy as it increases to meet the demands of both the mother and growing fetus. The peak of maternal cardiac output typically occurs around 25 to 30 weeks of gestation. This timing aligns with the significant growth and metabolic demands of the developing fetus, which requires extra blood flow to ensure adequate oxygen and nutrient delivery. By this stage, the mother's body has adapted to hormonal changes and blood volume expansion, allowing for optimal cardiovascular performance. The increase in cardiac output is primarily due to increased heart rate and stroke volume, facilitating the necessary adjustments in the maternal circulation.